Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Science and Engineering:
1) AI in Healthcare
The market value of AI in the health care industry is predicted to reach $6.6 billion by 2021. The impact of AI in the health care sector is genuinely life-changing. It is driving innovations in clinical operations, drug development, and surgery and data management. Healthcare Industries are applying AI to make a better and faster diagnosis than humans. AI can help doctors with diagnoses and can inform when patients are worsening so that medical help can reach to the patient before hospitalization. Possibility of AI in healthcare is to develop a clinical decision support system for disease prevention that can give the physician a warning when there’s a patient at risk of having some disease.
2) AI in Data Security
The security of data is crucial for every company and cyber-attacks are growing very rapidly in the digital world. AI can be used to make your data more safe and secure. Some examples such as AEG bot, AI2 Platform, are used to determine software bug and cyber-attacks in a better way.
3) AI in Robotics
Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics. Usually, general robots are programmed such that they can perform some repetitive task, but AI can be used to create intelligent robots which can perform tasks with their own experiences without preprogram
4) AI in Agriculture
Agriculture is applying AI as agriculture robotics, solid and crop monitoring, predictive analysis. AI in agriculture can be very helpful for farmers. Possibility is to develop a robot which uses computer vision technologies like object detection to monitor and precisely spray weedicide on plants to avoid damaging of plants. Another possibility of AI is to identify potential defects and nutrient deficiencies in the soil through images.
5) AI in Drug Development
AI is widely used in pharmaceutical company for developing drugs. Possibility of AI in drug discovery is to find relationship in between disease, target and drug, to find the hidden connections and new insights in diverse, linked datasets, retrieve and visualize relevant results from multiple biomedical data sources, Design protein drugs through machine learning, Automate evaluating the impact of drug combinations on cancer cells.
6) AI in education
AI can automate grading so that the tutor can have more time to teach. AI chatbot can communicate with students as a teaching assistant. Possibility of AI in the future can be work as a personal virtual tutor for students, which will be accessible easily at any time and any place. Potential use cases include augmenting and enhancing the learning experience through personalised learning, automating and expediting administrative tasks, and predicting the need for student intervention to reduce dropouts or recommend vocational training.
Differentiated and individualized learning: As AI gets more sophisticated, it might be possible for a machine to read the expression that passes on a student's face that indicates they are struggling to grasp a subject and will modify a lesson to respond to that. The idea of customizing curriculum for every student's needs is a possible future application of AI in education. Automation of admin tasks: An educator spends a tremendous amount of time grading homework and tests. AI can step in and make quick work out of these tasks. There is much potential for AI to create more efficient enrolment and admissions processes. Universal access for all students: Artificial intelligence tools can help make global classrooms available to all including those who speak different languages or who might have visual or hearing impairments. So that the education can reach to every child in the country.
7) AI in Social Media
Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat contain billions of user profiles, which need to be stored and managed in a very efficient way. AI can organize and manage massive amounts of data. AI can analyse lots of data to identify the latest trends, hashtag, and requirement of different users. In social media platforms like Facebook, AI is used for face verification wherein machine learning and deep learning concepts are used to detect facial features and tag your friends. Deep Learning is used to extract every minute detail from an image by using a bunch of deep neural networks. On the other hand, Machine learning algorithms are used to design your feed based on your interests.
AI can be utilized to make use of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Natural language processing to filter out violent and unwanted content. AI can also be used to make data shared on social media safer. Analyse the account on the basis of content shared by the user.
8) AI in Space Exploration
Artificial Intelligence is also being used for NASA’s next rover mission to Mars, the Mars 2020 Rover. The AEGIS, which is an AIbased Mars rover is already on the red planet. The rover is responsible for autonomous targeting of cameras in order to perform investigations on Mars. After rigorous research, astronomers used Artificial Intelligence to sift through years of data obtained by the Kepler telescope in order to identify a distant eight-planet solar system. Space expeditions and discoveries always require analysing vast amounts of data. Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning is the best way to handle and process data on this scale.
9) AI in Autonomous Vehicles
For the longest time, self-driving cars have been a buzzword in the AI industry. The development of autonomous vehicles will definitely revolutionaries the transport system. The AI system can collects data from the vehicles radar, cameras, GPS, and cloud services to produce control signals that operate the vehicle. Advanced Deep Learning algorithms can accurately predict what objects in the vehicle’s vicinity are likely to do. Artificial Intelligence implements computer vision, image detection and deep learning to build cars that can automatically detect objects and drive around without human intervention.
10) AI in Banking
AI in banking is growing faster than you thought! A lot of banks have already adopted AI-based systems to provide customer support, detect anomalies and credit card frauds. For example HDFC Bank has developed an AI-based chatbot called EVA (Electronic Virtual Assistant), built by Bengaluru-based Senseforth AI Research. It addressed over 3 million customer queries, interacted with over half a million unique users, and held over a million conversations. Eva can collect knowledge from thousands of sources and provide simple answers in less than 0.4 seconds. AI and Deep Learning can be used to detect fraudulent transaction patterns and prevent card fraud.
11) AI in Chatbots
Virtual assistants have become a very common technology. A few examples include Siri, Cortana, which are gaining popularity because of the user experience they provide. Amazon’s Echo is an example of how Artificial Intelligence can be used to translate human language into desirable actions. Another example is the newly released Google’s virtual assistant called Google Duplex that has astonished millions of people. Natural language processing and machine learning algorithms can be used to process human language and perform tasks on the basis of its user’s mood, after reading human face emotions.
12) AI in Artificial Creativity
An AI-based system called MuseNet can now compose classical music that echoes the classical legends, Bach and Mozart. MuseNet is a deep neural network that is capable of generating 4- minute musical compositions with 10 different instruments and can combine styles from country to Mozart to the Beatles. Artificially Intelligent machine can be used to create music and art using a natural language generation platform that can transform your data into insightful narratives. Using machine learning algorithms and feeding those algorithms great quantities of data, IT and security experts can teach the AI solution to monitor behaviour, detect anomalies, adapt and respond to threats and issue alerts. AI has quickly become a key component in a business’ cybersecurity infrastructure
13) AI in Entertainment
AI based applications in our daily life with some entertainment services such as Netflix or Amazon. With the help of ML/AI algorithms, these services show the recommendations for programs or shows. AI is providing a competitive edge to the e-commerce industry, and it is becoming more demanding in the e- commerce business. Possibility of AI is to help shoppers to discover associated products with recommended size, color, or even brand.
14) AI in Defence
Artificial intelligence is very helpful in providing predictive results from the analysis of the collected data. That's the main reason behind AI why it is increasingly becoming an integral part of the defence and modern warfare systems. AI is being used to enhance military intelligence by compiling it with the results given by the AI systems. Some of the major applications of AI systems in defence mechanisms are explained below in detail. Recognition of target: The most vital aspect of any kind of defence activity is the recognition of potential targets. AI systems are widely being used to compile data from previous attacks and activities to identify the hotspots for enemy activities. The information stored in the database can be used effectively to identify the targets and locations which can pose a major threat.
15) AI in Environment
Leveraging AI and IoT for environmental sustainability can help maximize our current efforts for environmental protection. Some of the potential areas where the AI can revolutionize our environmental protections efforts are as follows: AI for renewable energy technology: Renewable energy technologies are already useful in cutting down environmentally hazardous activities. Applying AI based IoT machinery to existing practices can help maximize the benefits of renewable energy methods. It will help make renewable energy solutions like solar panels and wind turbines more efficient and cost-effective. These grids give energy providers a better understanding of power usage and provide the ability to make real-time adjustments for efficiency. This will lower our dependence on fossil fuels, hopefully eliminating their need completely.